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global lead advice
& support service
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Run by |
The Lead
Education and Abatement Design Group
Working to eliminate childhood and foetal lead poisoning
by the year 2012 and to protect the environment from lead
ABN 25 819 463 114 |
Countries possibly still to ban leaded petrol as at 20th
Oct 2005
The following list consists of 67 countries listed by the International Fuel Quality
Center as at 16th November 2004 (no updated list from IFQC will be available
until the end of 2005) and a further 23 countries (* = asterisked) listed as still selling
leaded petrol in the matrices provided on the Partnership for Cleaner Fuels and Vehicles
(PCFV) website of the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) at www.unep.org/pcfv (accessed 26th August 2005).
Whenever we have acquired information about the ban being achieved in a particular country
which conflicts with either the IFQC or PCFV information, we have struck-through the
country name and given the reference sources (which appear below the country list) and
added the year the ban was achieved, if provided. However, if the information gathered on
any country from two sources conflicts, the country has been coloured red, as have all the
countries for which there is still a listing on either PCFV’s or IFQC’s list of
countries still selling leaded petrol for which no source claims a phase-out success.
Latin
America
- Cuba
Mexico
* a (1998)f
Montserrat
Peru a (2004)
Uruguay * a (2003)
- Venezuela
Europe, C.I.S.
- Albania
Belarus
b (1998)
- Bosnia
- Croatia
Cyprus * c (2004)h
- Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan b (2002)
- Macedonia
- Moldova
- Romania
- Serbia
- Tajikistan
- Turkey
- Turkmenistan
Ukraine b (2001)
- Uzbekistan
Africa
- Algeria
- Angola
- Benin
- Botswana
- Burkina Faso
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- Burundi
- Cameroon
- Central African Republic
- Chad
- Comoros *
- Congo (Brazzaville) *
- Congo, Democratic Republic of * [NB IFQC just lists Congo]
- Cote d'Ivoire
- Djibouti
- Equatorial Guinea
- Gabon
- Gambia
- Guinea
- Guinea-Bissau
- Kenya
- Lesotho
- Liberia
- Madagascar
- Malawi *
- Mali
- Morocco
- Mozambique *
- Namibia
- Niger
- Reunion *
- Sao Tome & Principe *
- Senegal
- Seychelles
- Sierra Leone
- Somalia
- South Africa
- Swaziland
- Tanzania
- Togo
- Tunisia
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- Uganda
- Zambia
- Zimbabwe
Asia
- Bhutan
- Cambodia
- Fiji *
- Indonesia
- Laos
- Maldives *
- Marshall Islands *
- Micronesia, Federal States of *
Mongolia d,
e
- Myanmar
- Nauru *
- Niue *
- North Korea
- Palau *
- Solomon Islands *
- Timor L’Este *
- Tokelau *
- Tonga *
- Tuvalu *
- Vanuatu *
Middle East
- Afghanistan
- Iraq
- Jordan
- Syria
- Yemen
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Reference
Sources for Struck-Through Country Names:
- Personal
communication (9 Sept 2005) Ing. Miguel Moyano, Projects Manager, ARPEL (Regional
Association of Oil and Natural Gas Companies in Latin America and the Caribbean), mmoyano@arpel.org.uy, Tel: 598-2-4106993, Fax:
598-2-4109207, Javier de Viana 2345, 11200 Montevideo – URUGUAY, www.arpel.org
- PCFV
(Partnership for Cleaner Fuels and Vehicles) of the UNEP (United Nations Environment
Program), "Central and Eastern Europe + Central Asia Lead Matrix" last update on
29 December 2004, www.unep.org/pcfv/Documents/MatrixCEELead.pdf
(accessed 18 July 2005).
- PCFV (Partnership for Cleaner Fuels and Vehicles) of the UNEP (United Nations
Environment Program), "Central and
Eastern Europe + Central Asia Lead Matrix" last update on July 2005, www.unep.org/pcfv/Documents/MatrixCEELead.pdf
(accessed 16 Sep 2005).
- Personal
communication (14 Sept 2005) Shoa Ehsani, Partnership for Clean Fuels &
Vehicles, Division of Policy Development and Law, UNEP, P.O. Box 30552, UN Avenue, Gigiri,
Nairobi, Kenya shoa.ehsani@unep.org, Tel: (254
20) 62 5035, Fax: (254 20) 62 3861, www.unep.org/pcfv
stating: "About the Central Asian countries, our data is based on various sources
(such as Mike Walsh's updates) and we endeavor to get the latest data. Sometimes we get
conflicting data as in the case of Kazakhstan and Tajikistan, we have data that indicates
otherwise. For example, the UNEP Governing Council 2003 data [According to
"The Case for Banning Lead in Gasoline", published by the Manufacturers of
Emission Controls Association (MECA), Washington DC, January 2003(Available online at www.meca.org/galleries/default-file/lead0103_(final).pdf) Kazakhstan has already achieved the phase out of leaded gasoline (see, 'Table 1
Unleaded Gasoline Sales Only', page 7). This information from MECA is also referred to in
Annex 2, page 21 of a publication distributed by the Governing Council of the UNEP on the
10th of December 2002 for the Twenty-second session of the Governing Council/Global
Ministerial Environment Forum in Nairobi, 3-7 February 2003, entitled "Progress in
Phasing Out Lead in Gasoline", A note from the Executive Director (Available online
at www.unon.org/css/doc/gc22/GC22_inf/inf23_e.pdf)] also shows that Mongolia is unleaded, but we have data indicating
otherwise. At the same time, a country may still be in dual mode e.g. almost unleaded and
they have a small percentage of leaded gasoline. In summary, most data we have is from a
secondary (or a couple of secondary) sources, to get absolutely authentic and accurate
information on the real world status of a country, one needs to contact the relevant
ministry directly.
- Personal
communication (15 Sept 2005) Tanvi Nagpal, East Asia Environment, tnagpal@worldbank.org, The World Bank, Washington,
DC, www.worldbank.org stating: "Mongolia does
not use leaded gasoline. It imports only unleaded gasoline from China, Russia and
Kazakhstan. The typical octane numbers are 80,92, and 95."
- Evolución de
la Calidad de Combustibles en el Valle de México - Presentation to the International
Seminar on the Clean Air Initiative in Latin American Cities (Lima, PERÚ - May 12-13,
2003) by Ing. Quím. Nicolás Rodríguez Martínez, Lima-Callao, Perú., PEMEX. [It notes
that Mexico phased out leaded gasoline in 1998.]
- Personal
communication (14 Oct 2005) Ministry of Education, Health, Community, Services and
Labour for Montserrat, mehcs@gov.ms, www.gov.ms
- Personal
communication (20 Oct 2005) Meropi Samara Miliotou, Environment Officer
Environment Service, Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment
1411 Nicosia, Cyprus, tel.: + 357 22 303857, fax: + 357 22 774945, email: mmilioti@environment.moa.gov.cy
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