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Glass Web & Service-Users, Experts & Volunteers, By Country;
 Countries With Leaded Petrol For Road Use & Worst Pollution

215 COUNTRIES CHARACTERISED POLITICALLY & INTO 3 DEVELOPMENT LEVELS
KEY 
LLS = 74 Least Developed Countries / Landlocked Developing Countries / Small Island Developing States (UNCTAD, 2005) (excludes 10 Transition countries)
Other = 86 countries being neither LLS nor T&OECD (UN, 2006; CIA, 2007; TLG 2004-7)  
T&OECD = 55 Transition Countries (G24, 2005) (includes 10 * Landlocked countries) & Organisation for Economic Cooperation & Development (OECD, 2006) Countries
G77 = Group of Seventy-Seven at the United Nations, originally 77 developing countries in 1964, now a political force of 130 countries including China (G77, 2007)
TLG Web = 201 Countries that have used the website where information and referrals developed by GLASS (Global Lead Advice & Support Service) are web-published - www.lead.org.au © The LEAD Group (TLG) (GLASS, 2004-8)
GLASS Service = 88 Countries that have used the direct info & referral service - GLASS - to make individual enquiries. Clients of the service include parents, industry, government, lawyers, landlords, tenants, painters, ceiling dust removalists, miners, shooters and other lead-workers and hobbyists, doctors, vets, etc. (GLASS 1995-2007)
GLASS Experts = 27 Countries that have a lead expert who is listed in the GLASS database. (GLASS, 1995-2007) An expert is a professional or organisation who works with lead or deals with lead problems in their profession or hobby, and who can offer useful information or services pertaining to lead management, or who is responsible for lead policy or education programs. Lead poisoned adults or the parents of lead poisoned children can be considered an expert if they are willing to share their experiences with others in similar situations.
GLASS Volunteers = Countries from which GLASS volunteers have come (GLASS, 1995-2007). Volunteer roles at GLASS include manager, system analyst, webmaster, interns/researchers, accountants, systems administrators, data-entry officers, film-maker. Some obtain several days training or work 1-2 days a week for months and then obtain paid work elsewhere, others leave when their project or internship finishes, a few provide dedicated service over many years, most remain in Australia but some return home and spread their knowledge about lead. Most of the GLASS volunteers also speak and write a language or languages other than English.
Leaded Petrol = Countries where leaded petrol may be sold for road use (TLG, 2005; 2007)
            Leaded =   Possibly Leaded =   (excluded from analysis)
Worst Polluted = Countries listed under Pollutant “LEAD” with Blacksmith Institute projects in Worst Polluted places in developing countries (Blacksmith Institute, 2006).
Country                                               G77 countries are marked in yellow G77 LLS Other T&OECD TLG Web GLASS Service GLASS Experts GLASS Volunteers Leaded Petrol Worst Polluted
LLS                    
Afghanistan               1 1     1       1  
Angola 1 1     1          
Antigua and Barbuda 1 1     1          
Bahamas 1 1     1          
Bangladesh 1 1     1     1    
Barbados 1 1     1          
Benin 1 1     1 1        
Bhutan 1 1     1          
Bolivia 1 1     1          
Botswana 1 1     1 1        
Burkina Faso 1 1     1          
Burundi 1 1     1          
Cambodia 1 1     1          
Cape Verde 1 1                
Central African Republic 1 1                
Chad 1 1                
Comoros 1 1                
Congo, Dem. Rep. of the (Leopoldville) 1 1     1          
Djibouti 1 1                
Dominica 1 1     1          
Equatorial Guinea 1 1                
Eritrea 1 1     1          
Ethiopia 1 1     1 1        
Fiji 1 1     1 1   1    
Gambia 1 1     1 1        
Grenada 1 1     1          
Guinea (French Guinea) 1 1     1         1
Guinea-Bissau 1 1     1          
Haiti 1 1     1          
Jamaica 1 1     1          
Kiribati   1                
Lao People’s Democratic Rep (Laos) 1 1                
Lesotho 1 1                
Liberia 1 1     1          
Madagascar 1 1     1          
Malawi 1 1     1          
Maldives 1 1     1          
Mali 1 1     1          
Marshall Islands 1 1                
Mauritania 1 1     1          
Mauritius 1 1     1          
Micronesia (Federated States of) 1 1     1          
Mozambique 1 1     1         1
Myanmar (Burma) 1 1     1 1 1      
Nauru   1     1          
Nepal 1 1     1     1    
Niger 1 1                
Palau   1     1          
Papua New Guinea 1 1     1 1 1      
Paraguay 1 1     1          
Rwanda 1 1     1          
Samoa 1 1     1          
Sao Tome and Principe 1 1                
Senegal 1 1     1          
Seychelles 1 1     1          
Sierra Leone 1 1     1          
Solomon Islands 1 1     1          
Somalia 1 1     1          
St. Kitts and Nevis 1 1     1          
St. Lucia 1 1     1          
St. Vincent and the Grenadines 1 1     1          
Sudan 1 1     1          
Swaziland 1 1     1          
Tanzania, United Republic of 1 1     1 1       1
Timor-Leste 1 1                
Togo 1 1     1          
Tonga 1 1     1 1   1    
Trinidad and Tobago 1 1     1          
Tuvalu   1                
Uganda 1 1     1 1        
Vanuatu 1 1     1          
Yemen 1 1     1       1  
Zambia 1 1     1         1
Zimbabwe 1 1     1 1        
OTHER
Algeria 1   1   1       1  
Andorra     1              
Anguila     1   1          
Argentina 1   1   1 1       1
Aruba     1   1          
Bahrain 1   1   1          
Belize 1   1   1          
Bermuda     1   1          
Brazil 1   1   1 1        
Brunei Darussalam 1   1   1          
Cameroon 1   1   1          
Cayman Islands     1   1          
Chile 1   1   1          
China, People’s Republic of 1   1   1 1 1 1   1
Cocos (Keeling) Islands     1   1          
Colombia 1   1   1          
Congo, Republic of the (Brazzaville) 1   1   1          
Cook Islands     1   1 1 1      
Costa Rica 1   1   1          
Cote d’Ivoire 1   1   1          
Cuba 1   1   1 1        
Cyprus     1   1 1        
Dominican Republic 1   1   1         1
Ecuador 1   1   1     1    
Egypt 1   1   1 1        
El Salvador 1   1   1          
Faroes Island     1              
French Guiana     1              
French Polynesia     1   1          
French Southern Territories                    
Gabon 1   1   1          
Ghana 1   1   1 1        
Gibraltar     1   1          
Guam     1   1          
Guatemala 1   1   1          
Guyana 1   1   1          
Holy See (Vatican City)     1   1 1        
Honduras 1   1   1          
Hong Kong     1   1 1        
India 1   1   1 1 1 1   1
Indonesia 1   1   1 1 1 1    
Iran, Islamic Republic of 1   1   1 1        
Iraq 1   1   1 1     1  
Israel     1   1 1        
Jordan 1   1   1 1     1  
Kenya 1   1   1 1 1      
Korea, Dem. People’s Rep of (N. Korea) 1   1           1  
Kuwait 1   1   1          
Lebanon 1   1   1     1    
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 1   1   1 1        
Liechtenstein     1   1          
Macau (China SAR Macao)     1   1          
Malaysia 1   1   1 1        
Malta     1   1          
Monaco     1   1          
Montserrat     1   1 1        
Morocco 1   1   1       1  
Namibia 1   1   1          
Netherlands Antilles     1   1          
New Caledonia     1   1          
Nicaragua 1   1   1          
Nigeria 1   1   1 1        
Niue     1              
Oman 1   1   1          
Pakistan 1   1   1 1 1 1    
Palestine 1   1   1     1 1  
Panama 1   1   1          
Peru 1   1   1 1 1     1
Philippines 1   1   1 1       1
Puerto Rico     1   1          
Qatar 1   1   1          
Saudi Arabia 1   1   1 1 1      
Singapore 1   1   1 1   1    
South Africa 1   1   1 1 1      
Sri Lanka 1   1   1 1 1 1    
Suriname 1   1   1          
Syrian Arab Republic (Syria) 1   1   1     1    
Taiwan     1   1 1   1    
Thailand 1   1   1 1 1 1   1
Tunisia 1   1   1       1  
Turks and Caicos Island     1   1          
United Arab Emirates 1   1   1 1        
Uruguay 1   1   1 1        
Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of 1   1   1 1        
Vietnam (Republic of Viet-Nam) 1   1   1 1   1    
Western Sahara     1           1  
Zaire     1   1          
TRANSITION & OECD                    
Albania       1 1 1        
Armenia *       1 1          
Australia       1 1 1 1 1    
Austria       1 1          
Azerbaijan *       1 1 1        
Belarus       1 1 1        
Belgium       1 1 1        
Bosnia and Herzegovina 1     1 1 1     1  
Botswana                 1  
Bulgaria       1 1 1        
Canada       1 1 1 1      
Croatia       1 1 1        
Cote D\'Ivoire (Ivory Coast)                    
Czech Republic       1 1          
Denmark, Kingdom of (incl. Greenland)       1 1 1        
Estonia       1 1 1        
Finland       1 1          
France       1 1 1        
Georgia       1 1          
Germany       1 1 1 1      
Greece       1 1 1        
Hungary       1 1 1        
Iceland       1 1          
Ireland       1 1 1 1      
Italy       1 1 1 1 1    
Japan       1 1 1 1      
Kazakhstan *       1 1 1     1  
Kyrgyz Republic (Kyrgyzstan) *       1 1 1        
Latvia       1 1          
Lithuania       1 1          
Luxembourg       1 1          
Macedonia, the FYR of *       1 1 1     1  
Mexico       1 1 1 1     1
Moldova, Republic of *       1 1 1        
Mongolia * 1     1 1 1   1    
Montenegro       1 1 1       1
Myanmar                    
Netherlands       1 1 1 1      
New Zealand (Aotearoa)       1 1 1 1 1    
Norway       1 1 1        
Poland       1 1     1    
Portugal       1 1 1        
Republic of Korea (South Korea)       1 1 1   1    
Romania       1 1 1 1     1
Russian Federation (Russia)       1 1     1   1
Serbia       1 1 1     1 1
Slovak Republic (Slovakia)       1 1          
Slovenia       1 1 1       1
Spain       1 1 1 1 1    
Sweden       1 1 1        
Switzerland       1 1 1        
Tajikistan *       1 1 1     1  
Tokelau       1            
Turkey       1 1 1 1      
Turkmenistan * 1     1 1 1     1  
Ukraine       1 1 1        
United Kingdom       1 1 1 1 1    
United States of America       1 1 1 1      
Uzbekistan *       1 1 1     1  
Virgin Islands US                    
Virgin Islands British                    
                     
                     
Subtotals 130 74 85 56 182 88 27 26 17 17
                     
Analysis                    
G77         104 41 12 19 12 11
% of G77         80% 32% 9% 15% 9% 8%
Non G77         78 47 15 7 5 6
% of Non G77         92% 55% 18% 8% 6% 7%
LLS         49 11 2 4 2 4
% of LLS         66% 15% 3% 5% 3% 5%
Other         78 34 11 13 8 7
% Of Other         92% 40% 13% 15% 9% 8%
T&OECD         55 43 14 9 7 6
% Of T&OECD         98% 77% 25% 16% 13% 11%
Total         182 88 27 26 17 17
% Of Total         85% 41% 13% 12% 8% 8%
Notes to Table: Round brackets after a country name contain the previous name of that country; when a comma is used in the country name, it indicates that the short form of the name (before the comma) is more commonly used than the long form.
REFERENCES:
Blacksmith Institute (2006) Solving Pollution Problems in the Developing World - Pollutant: Lead [List of 21 Blacksmith Institute projects in 17 countries] www.blacksmithinstitute.org/search2.php?pollutant=lead&flag=4
CIA (Central Intelligence Agency, USA) (2007) “The World Factbook” last updated 23 January 2007, www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/xx.html
G24 (Group of Twenty-four at the United Nations) (2005) “Transition Economies” in An Estimation of IMF Quotas based on a formula derived from the G-24 Ministers Communiqué, www.g24.org/quot0905.PDF
G77 (Group of Seventy-Seven at the United Nations) (2007) “The Member States of the Group of 77”, www.g77.org/doc/members.html
OECD (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development) (2006) OECD MEMBER COUNTRIES,
GLASS (Global Lead Advice and Support Service) (2004-7) “Biannual Activity Report from GLASS to DEH Jun ‘06 - Nov ‘06”, 25/1/07; “Biannual Activity Report from GLASS to DEH Dec ‘05 - May ‘06”, 25/6/06, www.lead.org.au/anrepmmvi/bianrep2006May.html; “Annual Report from the Global Lead Advice & Support Service (GLASS) to SA Dept of Health & NSW Health & DEC incorporating Quarterly Reports June 2004 to May 2005”, 19/8/05, www.lead.org.au/anrepmmv/anrep2005.html; “Annual Report from the Lead Advisory Service Australia (LASA) to SA Dept of Human Services & NSW Govt incorporating Quarterly Reports - June 2003 to May 2004”, 10/7/04, www.lead.org.au/anrepmmiv/anrep2004.html;
GLASS (2005) “Countries possibly still to ban leaded petrol as at 20th Oct 2005”
GLASS (1995-2007) Global Lead Advice and Support Service Database [including client, expert & volunteer details, records of emails/phone calls, information sent and referrals made]
GLASS (2007) [collation of data from various governments and petroleum associations, the Partnership for Cleaner Fuels & Vehicles (PCFV) & International Fuel Quality Center (IFQC)] "Countries where Leaded Petrol is Possibly Still Sold for Road Use [List of 17 countries in region, alphabetical and population order]" www.lead.org.au/fs/fst27-20070222.html
[Also refer to the most up-to-date list of lead petrol countries at  
www.lead.org.au/fs/fst27.html
 ]
UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development) (2003) “UN [United Nations] list of LDCs [Least Developed Countries ] after the 2003 triennial review”, www.unctad.org/Templates/Page.asp?intItemID=3641&lang=1; “List of land-locked developing countries (this unofficial list is for analytical purposes only) www.unctad.org/Templates/Page.asp?intItemID=3632&lang=1; “Small Island Developing States (SIDS) (this unofficial list is for analytical purposes only)” www.unctad.org/Templates/Page.asp?intItemID=3645&lang=1
UNSTATS (United Nations Statistics Division) (2006) Countries or areas codes and abbreviations, 1 October 2006,

The LEAD Group Inc. Fact Sheet Index

NSW Lead Reference Centre and NSW Government Publications On this site

  1. About the Global Lead Advice and Support Service (GLASS)

  2. Main Sources of Lead

  3. How Would You Know If You or Your Child Was lead poisoned?

  4. Lead aware housekeeping

  5. Ceiling dust & lead poisoning

  6. Is your yard lead safe?
    你的院子是铅安全的吗

  7. Health Impacts of lead poisoning

  8. Rotary Questionnaire

  9. Lead poisoned Pets and Your Family

  10. Childhood Lead Poisoning Risk Factor Questionnaire

  11. Is Your Child Safe From Lead? - What Can You Do About Lead?

  12. Lead in Drinking Water in Australia

  13. Have We Really Resolved The Lead Issue?

  14. The Importance of the Availability of "Spot Tests" for Lead in Paint

  15. Pregnant or Planning a Pregnancy

  16. Breastfeeding and Lead

  17. Lead in breast milk

  18. Beware The Lead In Lead Lighting

  19. Renting and Lead

  20. What to do if you have too much lead in your tank water

  21. Lead Contamination in Stormwater

  22. Contamination At Shooting Ranges

  23. Banned: Leaded Wick Candles

  24. Lead, Ageing and Death
    铅,衰老和死亡

  25. Metal miniatures: How to minimise the risks of lead poisoning and contamination

  26. 7 Point Plan for the MANAGEMENT OF LEAD by Australian parents and carers

  27. Countries where Leaded Petrol is Possibly Still Sold for Road Use, As at 17th June 2011

  28. Lead Poisoning And The Brain - Cognitive Deficits And Mental Illness

  29. Facts and Firsts of Lead

  30. Lead mining royalties by state and territory

  31. Lead Mining Stewardship - Grey Lead and the Role of The LEAD Group

  32. Preventative Strategies of The LEAD Group

  33. What do Doctors need to do about Lead?

  34. A Naturopath's Experience Of Lead & People With Diagnosed Mental Illness

  35. Case File: Helping Manage Australian Lead in Petrol - How GLASS Works

  36. Glass Web & Service-Users, Experts & Volunteers, by Country; Countries with Leaded Petrol for Road Use & Worst Pollution

  37. Lead in ceiling dust

  38. Lead paint & ceiling dust management - how to do it lead-safely

  39. Esperance parliamentary inquiry follow-up factsheet: Where to from Here??
    埃斯佩兰斯议会调查后续情况说明书:从这里去哪里??

  40. Broken Hill lead miners factsheet 1893 with Note 20081015

  41. Helping a Doctor Help 35,000 Lead-Poisoned People Around the Lead Smelter at La Oroya in Peru
    Ayuda a un doctor que ayuda 35,000 personas envenenadas por plomo alrededor de la fundidora de plomo en la Oroya-Peru
    案例档案:帮助一个医生救助在秘鲁的拉奥罗亚的铅冶炼厂周围的35000铅中毒的人民全球铅咨询和支持的服务机构是怎末工作的

  42. Fact sheet for Australian toy importers and traders

  43. Iron Nutrition & Lead Toxicity
    Informe de Acciones – Hierro y Plomo en la Nutrición
    情况说明书铁的营养和铅的毒性

  44. Sanitarium-Are You getting Enough Iron

  45. Do-It-Yourself-Lead-Safe-Test-Kits-flyer

  46. Blood lead testing: who to test, when, and how to respond to the result

  47. Dangers of a blood lead level above 2 µg/dL and below 10 µg/dL to both adults and children
    血铅水平高于
    2微克/分升和低于10微克/分升对予成人和儿童的危险。

  48. Lead Exposure & Alzheimer’s Disease: Is There A Link?

  49. In CHINA - Blood lead testing: who to test, when, and how to respond to the result
    在中国血铅测试:谁应该去检查,什么时候,如何对待不同的测试结果

  50. Why you should have your ceiling dust removed before you take advantage of the Australian government's Energy Efficient Homes Package: Insulation Program

  51. Alperstein et al Lead Alert - A Guide For Health Professionals 1994

  52. Ceiling Dust WorkCover Guide Lee Schreiber Final Nov 1999

  53. What can I do about climate change AND lead?

  54. The Need for Expert Clinical Assessments in Diagnosis Of Heavy Metal Poisoning

  55. Why you should have your ceiling dust removed before you have insulation installed

  56. Thirty Thought-Starters on Ceiling Void Dust in Homes

  57. Pectin: Panacea for both lead poisoning and lead contamination

  58. Nutrients that reduce lead poisoning June 2010

  59. Lead poisoning and menopause

  60. Fact sheet For Schoolkids From Professor Knowlead About Lead

  61. Prevention of Exposure to Lead at Work in Indonesia

  62. Mencegah kontak dengan timbal di tempat kerja di Indonesia

  63. How to Protect Your Family from Lead in Indonesia

  64. Bagaimana melindungi keluargamu dari timbal di Indonesia

  65. Cigarette Smoking & Lead Toxicity
     صحيفة معلومات: التدخين والتسمم بالرصاص

  66. Medical Evaluation Questionnaire For Occupational Lead Exposure

  67. Dangers of a blood lead level above 2 µg/dL and below 10 µg/dL to children

  68. Dangers of a blood lead level above 2 µg/dL and below 10 µg/dL to adults

  69. Biosolids used as fertilizer in China and other countries
    在中国和其他国家生物固体作肥料

  70. What are the lead poisoning risks of a lead pellet, bullet or shot lodged in the body?

  71. Alcohol’s link to higher lead and iron levels

  72. USA Case Definition of Adult (including Occupational) & Child Elevated Blood Lead Levels (EBLL)

  73. Low Level Lead Exposure Harms Children - A Renewed Call for Primary Prevention

  74. Occupational Health & Safety Fact Sheet Dangers of lead for roofers

  75. Let’s Make Leaded Petrol History - Let’s Make Leaded Gasoline History

  76. Lead, Your Health & the Environment. Available in Arabic, Chinese, English, Korean, Macedonian, Spanish, Turkish and Vietnamese 

  77. Lead Safe Housekeeping

  78. Old Lead Paint

  79. Working safely with lead

  80. A Renovator's Guide To The Dangers Of Lead (Brochure 30 pages)

  81. A Guide For Health Care Professionals (Brochure 34 pages)

  82. A Guide To Keeping Your Family Safe From Lead (Brochure 20 pages)

  83. Lead Hazard Management In Children's Services (Brochure 15 pages)

  84. A Guide To Dealing With Soil That Might Be Lead-Contaminated

  85. Exposure Assessment: Lead Neurotoxicity - Is the Center for Disease Control's goal to reduce lead below 10 µg/dl blood in all children younger than 72 months by 2010, good enough?

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