Countries possibly still to ban leaded petrol as at 20th Oct 2005

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Countries possibly still to ban leaded petrol as at 20^th Oct 2005

The following list consists of 67 countries listed by the International Fuel Quality Center as at 16^th November 2004 (no updated list from IFQC will be available until the end of 2005) and a further 23 countries (* = asterisked) listed as still selling leaded petrol in the matrices provided on the Partnership for Cleaner Fuels and Vehicles (PCFV) website of the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) at www.unep.org/pcfv (accessed 26th August 2005). Whenever we have acquired information about the ban being achieved in a particular country which conflicts with either the IFQC or PCFV information, we have struck-through the country name and given the reference sources (which appear below the country list) and added the year the ban was achieved, if provided. However, if the information gathered on any country from two sources conflicts, the country has been coloured red, as have all the countries for which there is still a listing on either PCFV’s or IFQC’s list of countries still selling leaded petrol for which no source claims a phase-out success.

Latin America

Cuba
~~Mexico~~ * ^a (1998)^f
~~Montserrat~~ *(year?)^g
~~Peru~~ ^a(2004)
Uruguay * ^a (2003)
Venezuela

Europe, C.I.S.

Albania
~~Belarus~~ ^b (1998)
Bosnia
Croatia
~~Cyprus~~ * ^c (2004)^h
Kazakhstan
~~Kyrgyzstan~~ ^b (2002)
Macedonia
Moldova
Romania
Serbia
Tajikistan
Turkey
Turkmenistan
~~Ukraine~~ ^b (2001)
Uzbekistan

Africa

Algeria
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso

Burundi
Cameroon
Central African Republic

Chad

Comoros *

Congo (Brazzaville) *

Congo, Democratic Republic of *
[NB IFQC just lists Congo]

Cote d'Ivoire

Djibouti

Equatorial Guinea

Gabon

Gambia

Guinea

Guinea-Bissau

Kenya

Lesotho

Liberia

Madagascar

Malawi *

Mali

Morocco

Mozambique *

Namibia

Niger

Reunion *

Sao Tome & Principe *

Senegal

Seychelles

Sierra Leone

Somalia

South Africa

Swaziland

Tanzania

Togo
Tunisia

Uganda
Zambia

Zimbabwe

Asia

Bhutan

Cambodia

Fiji *

Indonesia

Laos

Maldives *

Marshall Islands *

Micronesia, Federal States of *

~~Mongolia~~ ^{^{d, e}}

Myanmar (Burma)

Nauru *

Niue *

North Korea

Palau *

Solomon Islands *

Timor L’Este *

Tokelau *

Tonga *

Tuvalu *

Vanuatu *

Middle East

Afghanistan

Iraq

Jordan

Syria

Yemen

Reference Sources for Struck-Through Country Names:

Personal communication (9 Sept 2005) Ing. Miguel Moyano, Projects Manager, ARPEL (Regional Association of Oil and Natural Gas Companies in Latin America and the Caribbean), mmoyano@arpel.org.uy, Tel: 598-2-4106993, Fax: 598-2-4109207, Javier de Viana 2345, 11200 Montevideo – URUGUAY, www.arpel.org
PCFV (Partnership for Cleaner Fuels and Vehicles) of the UNEP (United Nations Environment Program), "Central and Eastern Europe + Central Asia Lead Matrix" last update on 29 December 2004, PCFV_Lead_Matrix-CEE&CA_200412.pdf (accessed 18 July 2005).
PCFV (Partnership for Cleaner Fuels and Vehicles) of the UNEP (United Nations Environment Program), "Central and Eastern Europe + Central Asia Lead Matrix" last update on July 2005, PCFV_Lead_Matrix-CEE&CA_200508.pdf (accessed 16 Sep 2005).
Personal communication (14 Sept 2005) Shoa Ehsani, Partnership for Clean Fuels & Vehicles, Division of Policy Development and Law, UNEP, P.O. Box 30552, UN Avenue, Gigiri, Nairobi, Kenya shoa.ehsani@unep.org, Tel: (254 20) 62 5035, Fax: (254 20) 62 3861, www.unep.org/pcfv stating: "About the Central Asian countries, our data is based on various sources (such as Mike Walsh's updates) and we endeavor to get the latest data. Sometimes we get conflicting data as in the case of Kazakhstan and Tajikistan, we have data that indicates otherwise. For example, the UNEP Governing Council 2003 data [According to "The Case for Banning Lead in Gasoline", published by the Manufacturers of Emission Controls Association (MECA), Washington DC, January 2003(Available online at www.meca.org/galleries/default-file/lead0103_(final). Kazakhstan has already achieved the phase out of leaded gasoline (see, 'Table 1 Unleaded Gasoline Sales Only', page 7). This information from MECA is also referred to in Annex 2, page 21 of a publication distributed by the Governing Council of the UNEP on the 10th of December 2002 for the Twenty-second session of the Governing Council/Global Ministerial Environment Forum in Nairobi, 3-7 February 2003, entitled "Progress in Phasing Out Lead in Gasoline", A note from the Executive Director (Available online at http://www.unon.org/css/doc/gc22/GC22_inf/inf23_e.pdf")] also shows that Mongolia is unleaded, but we have data indicating otherwise. At the same time, a country may still be in dual mode e.g. almost unleaded and they have a small percentage of leaded gasoline. In summary, most data we have is from a secondary (or a couple of secondary) sources, to get absolutely authentic and accurate information on the real world status of a country, one needs to contact the relevant ministry directly.
Personal communication (15 Sept 2005) Tanvi Nagpal, East Asia Environment, tnagpal@worldbank.org, The World Bank, Washington, DC, www.worldbank.org stating: "Mongolia does not use leaded gasoline. It imports only unleaded gasoline from China, Russia and Kazakhstan. The typical octane numbers are 80,92, and 95."
Evolución de la Calidad de Combustibles en el Valle de México - Presentation to the International Seminar on the Clean Air Initiative in Latin American Cities (Lima, PERÚ - May 12-13, 2003) by Ing. Quím. Nicolás Rodríguez Martínez, Lima-Callao, Perú., PEMEX. [It notes that Mexico phased out leaded gasoline in 1998.]
Personal communication (14 Oct 2005) Ministry of Education, Health, Community, Services and Labour for Montserrat, mehcs@gov.ms, www.gov.ms
Personal communication (20 Oct 2005) Meropi Samara Miliotou, Environment Officer
Environment Service, Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment
1411 Nicosia, Cyprus, tel.: + 357 22 303857, fax: + 357 22 774945, email: mmilioti@environment.moa.gov.cy

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