“Green Lead” – oxymoron or future vision? - Slide Show
15 November 2005
Text Only

"GREEN LEAD" – OXYMORON OR FUTURE VISION?
Elizabeth O’Brien^a, Cornelia Dost^b, Bei Qu^c
a Manager, ^b,c Interns,
Global Lead Advice & Support Service (GLASS)
run by The LEAD Group Incorporated
Conference Paper Presented by Elizabeth O’Brien at the Minerals Council of Australia (MCA)
Conference on Sustainable Development in the Product Stewardship Session:
Tue 1^st Nov 2005, 11am-1pm, Alice Springs

Contents
Introduction
Leaded Petrol Ban
Batteries
E-equipment
Facts of lead poisoning worldwide
Corporate work/International action
Global Lead Advice & Support Service (GLASS)
References

Countries possibly still to ban leaded petrol as at 20^th Oct 2005
Back to Conference Paper

The following list consists of 67 countries listed by the International Fuel Quality Center as at 16^th November 2004 (no updated list from IFQC will be available until the end of 2005) and a further 23 countries (* = asterisked) listed as still selling leaded petrol in the matrices provided on the Partnership for Cleaner Fuels and Vehicles (PCFV) website of the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) at www.unep.org/pcfv (accessed 26th August 2005). Whenever we have acquired information about the ban being achieved in a particular country which conflicts with either the IFQC or PCFV information, we have struck-through the country name and given the reference sources (which appear below the country list) and added the year the ban was achieved, if provided. However, if the information gathered on any country from two sources conflicts, the country has been coloured red, as have all the countries for which there is still a listing on either PCFV’s or IFQC’s list of countries still selling leaded petrol for which no source claims a phase-out success.

 Reference Sources for Struck-Through Country Names:

1. Personal communication (9 Sept 2005) Ing. Miguel Moyano, Projects Manager, ARPEL (Regional Association of Oil and Natural Gas Companies in Latin America and the Caribbean), mmoyano@arpel.org.uy, Tel: 598-2-4106993, Fax: 598-2-4109207, Javier de Viana 2345, 11200 Montevideo – URUGUAY, www.arpel.org
2. PCFV (Partnership for Cleaner Fuels and Vehicles) of the UNEP (United Nations Environment Program), "Central and Eastern Europe + Central Asia Lead Matrix" last update on 29 December 2004, www.unep.org/pcfv/Documents/MatrixCEELead.pdf (accessed 18 July 2005).
3. PCFV (Partnership for Cleaner Fuels and Vehicles) of the UNEP (United Nations Environment Program), "Central and Eastern Europe + Central Asia Lead Matrix" last update on July 2005, www.unep.org/pcfv/Documents/MatrixCEELead.pdf (accessed 16 Sep 2005).
4. Personal communication (14 Sept 2005) Shoa Ehsani, Partnership for Clean Fuels & Vehicles, Division of Policy Development and Law, UNEP, P.O. Box 30552, UN Avenue, Gigiri, Nairobi, Kenya shoa.ehsani@unep.org, Tel: (254 20) 62 5035, Fax: (254 20) 62 3861, www.unep.org/pcfv stating: "About the Central Asian countries, our data is based on various sources (such as Mike Walsh's updates) and we endeavor to get the latest data. Sometimes we get conflicting data as in the case of Kazakhstan and Tajikistan, we have data that indicates otherwise. For example, the UNEP Governing Council 2003 data [According to "The Case for Banning Lead in Gasoline", published by the Manufacturers of Emission Controls Association (MECA), Washington DC, January 2003(Available online at www.meca.org/galleries/default-file/lead0103_(final).pdf) Kazakhstan has already achieved the phase out of leaded gasoline (see, 'Table 1 Unleaded Gasoline Sales Only', page 7). This information from MECA is also referred to in Annex 2, page 21 of a publication distributed by the Governing Council of the UNEP on the 10th of December 2002 for the Twenty-second session of the Governing Council/Global Ministerial Environment Forum in Nairobi, 3-7 February 2003, entitled "Progress in Phasing Out Lead in Gasoline", A note from the Executive Director (Available online at www.unon.org/css/doc/gc22/GC22_inf/inf23_e.pdf)] also shows that Mongolia is unleaded, but we have data indicating otherwise. At the same time, a country may still be in dual mode e.g. almost unleaded and they have a small percentage of leaded gasoline. In summary, most data we have is from a secondary (or a couple of secondary) sources, to get absolutely authentic and accurate information on the real world status of a country, one needs to contact the relevant ministry directly.
5. Personal communication (15 Sept 2005) Tanvi Nagpal, East Asia Environment, tnagpal@worldbank.org, The World Bank, Washington, DC, www.worldbank.org stating: "Mongolia does not use leaded gasoline. It imports only unleaded gasoline from China, Russia and Kazakhstan. The typical octane numbers are 80,92, and 95."
6. Evolución de la Calidad de Combustibles en el Valle de México - Presentation to the International Seminar on the Clean Air Initiative in Latin American Cities (Lima, PERÚ - May 12-13, 2003) by Ing. Quím. Nicolás Rodríguez Martínez, Lima-Callao, Perú., PEMEX. [It notes that Mexico phased out leaded gasoline in 1998.]
7. Personal communication (14 Oct 2005) Ministry of Education, Health, Community, Services and Labour for Montserrat, mehcs@gov.ms, www.gov.ms
8. Personal communication (20 Oct 2005) Meropi Samara Miliotou, Environment Officer
   Environment Service, Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment
   1411 Nicosia, Cyprus, tel.: + 357 22 303857, fax: + 357 22 774945, email: mmilioti@environment.moa.gov.cy

The idea for the term "Green Lead" as well as the concept which stands behind that term, come from the outstandingly successful Australian mining company BHP Billiton. "Green Lead^TM is the vision of mining, processing, transporting, treating, manufacturing, storing, using and recycling lead – with zero harm from lead exposure to people and the environment. Green Lead is the identification of impacts associated with lead, the establishment of standards to minimise these impacts and certification of organisations and eventually lead products that achieve these standards. It will focus initially on lead used in batteries" (Roche and Toyne, 2003).

Undoubtedly, the idea of this concept is good and much-needed. However, it is still uncertain and of high concern whether this concept can be carried out and how many millions of people will be lead poisoned in the meantime.

As the initiators of the "Green Lead" Concept concentrate on lead in batteries the authors will look now at the main use of lead nowadays.

next

Contents
Introduction
Leaded Petrol Ban
Batteries
E-equipment
Facts of lead poisoning worldwide
Corporate work/International action
Global Lead Advice & Support Service (GLASS)
References

About Us    Contact Us   Council LEAD Project  egroups Library / Fact Sheets  Home Page  Media Releases Newsletters
Q & A   Referral_lists Reports Site Map  Slide Shows / Films  Subscription  Useful Links  Search this Site

global lead advice     & support service

Run by

The Lead Education and Abatement Design Group Working to eliminate childhood and foetal lead poisoning by the year 2012 and to protect the environment from lead ABN 25 819 463 114

Last Updated 04 September 2008
Copyright © The LEAD Group Inc. 1991- 2008
PO Box 161 Summer Hill NSW 2130 Australia
Phone: +61 2 9716 0014 Fax: +61 2 9716 9005